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Asked: February 5, 20212021-02-05T07:58:56+00:00 2021-02-05T07:58:56+00:00In: Sunflower Seeds

Are the genetics of sunflowers mendelian? What traits are easy to observe and have known inheritance?

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This is to design a simple genetics course for Year 10 students (they grow sunflowers and measure their traits)

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  1. andrew

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    2021-02-05T08:00:59+00:00Added an answer on February 5, 2021 at 8:00 am


    Sunflower traits are Mendelian, but major complications exist for making it a school exercise. Most commercial sunflower seeds,  are hybrids. They are made by crossing a male-sterile line (maintained with a restorer line) and a female line. The resulting F1 seeds are then sold to farmers for growing.
    If you purchase seeds in shell for eating that are still viable they are likely to be the F2 progeny of the F1 plants grown by farmers. They should segregate with many traits in mendelian ratios. However since many genes in sunflower are multi copy due to ancient polyploidy events  expect some more complex ratios than 3:1 for some traits. Depending on the source of your seeds this is not 100% certain however that you are getting F1 seeds. The seeds could be mixed together from related varieties so the seeds from the same package might not all be F2 siblings. How many traits can be easily seen to be different by students is going to be another unknown.
    If you buy seeds in a packet for home garden planting, it is a bit less predictable what you would be getting. You could be getting F1 seeds that would not segregate as they are all genetically identical. Other seeds, especially “heirloom” seeds that you might be able to purchase might be actual populations of related individuals, and different traits would segregate in different ratios depending on the gene frequencies in the source populations.
    So in summary it really depends on your seed source.

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  2. avery

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    2021-02-05T08:00:13+00:00Added an answer on February 5, 2021 at 8:00 am

     If you are not set on sunflowers, may I recommend the Wisconsin Fast Plants (http://fastplants.org/). They are fantastic for genetics courses and are amenable to quantitative and qualitative experiments. We used them in the undergraduate plant breeding course I assisted in teaching at UC Davis. We were able to grow the first generation, phenotype them, select parents, make crosses, harvest seed, grow the next generation, and phenotype them again in less than 3 months!

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  3. John Wick

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    2021-02-05T07:59:44+00:00Added an answer on February 5, 2021 at 7:59 am

    I am not an expert on sunflowers, but the rule of thumb is that they have little genetic variation within species.
    Sunflowers have been most useful to study hybridization and transgressive segregation. When you cross two species, you expect the hybrids have phenotypes intermediate between the two parents. However, Rieseberg ( Schwarzbach et al., 2001, American Journal of Botany) demonstrated that when crossing Helianthus annuus to H. petiolaris, the hybrids were more tolerant to extreme soil conditions (salt marsh, sand dunes,…) than any of the two parents.

     

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